(Polly Ho)
智利詩人聶魯達(Pablo Neruda, 1904-1973)被公認為愛情詩人，他自己認為他先是一位愛情詩人，後是人民詩人，可見愛情是他不可欠缺的靈感泉源。
聶魯達是一位大詩人嗎？香港翻譯家黄燦然在評論集《在兩大傳統的陰影下》談到大詩人的定義，談到一位圓滿的詩人形象具備五個條件，一､詩人寫到生命最後一刻，二､作品越寫越好，三､語言風格和題材多變，四､具備高度的人格修養，五､成為智者。聶魯達是一位多產的詩人，他早在十多歲就開始寫詩，十九歲出版了第一本詩集《霞光之書》（Book of Twilight, 1923)。一年後出版成名作，亦是流傳最廣，最為人熟悉，最受人喜愛的詩集《二十首情詩和一首絕望的歌》（Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair, 1924)。他的第三本詩集《大地上的居所》(Residence on Earth, 1933)是他經歴的第一次風格轉變，當時他擔任駐仰光領事，經歴語言隔閡和文化差距，以使他當時寫的詩灰暗孤獨。《一般之歌》(Canto General, 1950)被學者認為是他最重要的詩集，要認識聶魯達，不能不讀的詩集，《一般之歌》是一本龐大的史詩，三百首詩組成，一萬五千行，分十五個章節，內容涵蓋整個美洲：美洲的草木鳥獸､古老文化､地理環境等等。後來的《元素集》（Elemental Odes, 1954)是他的另一個風格和語言的轉點，他用簡單清新的文字寫最日常最基本最普通的東西，像番茄､字典､腳踏車，這印證他在領諾貝爾文學獎說過的一句話：「最好的詩人就是給我們日常麵包的詩人。」聶魯達在晚年時期，回歸愛情，回歸大自然，回歸自己，其中《船長的詩》(Captain’s Verses, 1952) 和《一百首愛的十四行詩》(One Hundred Love Sonnets, 1959)是受他第三位妻子瑪提爾德‧烏魯齊雅（Matilde Urrutia)的啟發，這位經歴西班牙內戰和流亡的詩人終於找到他人生的真愛，他承認「生命中只有兩件事物不可或缺─詩歌與愛情」。
是次詩會我們用三種語言讀了聶魯達的詩歌：西班牙文､英文和中文（包括粵語和國語）。Amai-Hong用標準的西班牙文把每個字都諗出來，大家聽得很陶醉，Benjamin 忍不住說：「很法式，很浪漫！」Paul表示有想學習西班牙文的衝動，的確，原文的聶魯達詩歌隔行押韻，很有節奏韻味，像歌一樣動聽。除了不同語言有不同味道，翻譯的版本也令聶魯達詩歌有不同的味道，為此，其中一首I Like for You to be Still，我特意選了李宗榮和黄燦然的版本，讀完之後，很多人表示喜歡黄燦然的版本，Adair和Paul表示後一個版本讀起來很有感覺，但他們說不出為什麼。
詩會最後十分鐘，Adrian和Benjamin帶來他們自己寫的詩，Adrian表示他視寫詩為一種挑戰，他選一個字，從不同的角度去寫。Benjamin本身是一位作家，他那首Poetry Factory別具新穎，令人象難忘。
大家討論聶魯達是不是一位大詩人，各具不同的意見，有的認為詩不能量化，不是越寫得多越好，那麼質量怎樣計算？Paul認為時間是計算質量的一個標準，最好的詩能經歴時間的洗禮，留下來。Amai-Hong告訴我們，她在學校會讀聶魯達的詩，同學們都很喜歡的。聶魯達是不是大詩人，答案不就在眼前了嗎？
(photos by Paul Wan)
8 則留言:
major poet = perfect poet?
u mixed up these 2 concepts.
by the way, mr Wong Chan-yin's criteria are so 19-century moralist.
for how many yrs had Rimbaud written poems?
how sage or moral the modernist poets are?
pls don't preach grand narratives any more!
is Neruda a great poet?
we chinese have better be modest
if we can tell the difference between Neruda & Gongora.
should we respect the spanish speakers'
(especially the Latino-americans') views?
have u consulted the catholic reading public?
victor FOK
frenchmarkets@gmail.com
mr Wong Chan-yin (黄燦然), a very respectable writer
mr wong speaks the truth
--talks what he knows &
admits what he doesn't know;
& stands up to those
who have power & diffuse prejudice.
an example: the poet Beidao (北島) has no spanish
& critisize Dai Wangshu's translation of Federico Garcia Lorca.
mr wong stands up for Dai
see Reading (讀書) monthly, beijing, 2006, nos 7-8
available at hk central library
victor FOK
frenchmarkets@gmail.com
the modern poetry began w/ Baudelaire's Les fleurs du Mal
this is a book mainly written by a young man.
see Jacques Dupont's intro to his edn of Les fleurs du Mal (in french),
or FW Leaky: Baudelaire: Les fleurs du Mal (in english)
--the latter available at hku main library
victor FOK
frenchmarkets@gmail.com
Baudelaire is a great poet;
victor Hugo is a great man.
how did Baudelaire be canonized
(i e, considered a great poet)?
a matter of institution
see cambridge companion to Baudelaire
pp xiii-xiv; 213-214.
--available at hk central library
victor FOK
frenchmarkets@gmail.com
chinese Catholics misread Hugo
probably the novel
notre-dame de paris
--mr huang hao: Faith
a documentary film (MFA thesis, hkbu)
u can contact him at
9270 1011
huanghao_0109@yahoo.com/cn
victor FOK
frenchmarkets@gmail.com
Paul Celan NOT the most important Poetof German language in the Post-1945 Era
--Wolfgang Emmerich* et al:
A History of German Literature. (metzlersche 1989; Routledge 1993)
* author of 台灣傾向出版社出版的《策蘭傳》
see p 679 of the history:
'Gottfried Benn & Paul Celan may be specified as 2 major exponents of poetry who made a lasting impact on the German lyric scene after WW2. It should not be overlooked , however, that during the same period, the 1950s, a modern literary trend was also beginning to assert itself, w/ an unmistakable form of expression of its own.'
see also
the Cambridge History of German Literature (1997).
'In the 1960s, the hermetic poetry of Benn or Celan [...] now in turn lost their appeal' (p 474)
both bks available at HK central library.
victor FOK (霍偉雄)
frenchmarkets@gmail.com
We do not need labels. Just let
culture live and go.
oswald
chanpakfung@gmail.com
APPRECIATION or JUDGMENT?
i beg your pardon 1st;
i've made many spelling/ grammatical mistakes
that put a haze on my ideas.
--i've difficulties in typing Chinese.
http://en.wikipedia.org/ makes 2 points:
1 aesthetics: "critical reflection on art, culture and nature."
2 Aesthetics studies new ways of seeing and of perceiving the world.
--http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetics#cite_note-1
"critical reflection"
is necessary for
'new ways of seeing and of perceiving the world.'
one has the right to prefer
APPRECIATION to JUDGMENT,
& not to GO FURTHER.
After i told the participants
of the poetry forum
that the 輦 in 曹植's 輕輦隨風移
is pronounced as lian in Cantonese & nian in Mandarin,
Ms Ho told them it should
be pronounced otherwise.
i did not argue.
back to the basic: i.e.
the criteria 1 socio-linguistics;
2 traditional studies of chinese
dialects & historical phonology.
no basis, no judgment.
victor FOK
frenchmarkets@gmail.com
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